Advanced Computer Part 1 QA

Advanced Computer

Part 1

Questions and Answers

What is a computer architecture?
Computer architecture refers to the design and organization of a computer system, including its hardware components, instruction set, and data flow.
What is the difference between data and information?
Data is raw and unprocessed facts, while information is processed data that is meaningful and useful for decision-making.
What is the role of an operating system in a computer?
The operating system acts as an interface between the user and hardware, managing system resources and ensuring smooth operation.
What is multitasking in an operating system?
Multitasking allows an operating system to run multiple programs simultaneously by sharing CPU time.
What is multiprocessing?
Multiprocessing is the use of two or more CPUs within a single computer system to increase performance.

What is instruction cycle?
The instruction cycle is the process by which a CPU fetches, decodes, executes, and stores instructions.
What is pipelining?
Pipelining is a CPU technique where multiple instruction stages are processed simultaneously to improve performance.
What is clock speed?
Clock speed is the rate at which a CPU executes instructions, measured in hertz (Hz).
What is a multi-core processor?
A multi-core processor contains multiple processing units within a single CPU to perform tasks in parallel.
What is the difference between RISC and CISC?
RISC uses a small set of simple instructions, while CISC uses a large set of complex instructions.

What is memory hierarchy?
Memory hierarchy organizes memory into levels based on speed, cost, and capacity, such as registers, cache, RAM, and secondary storage.
What is cache coherence?
Cache coherence ensures consistency of data stored in multiple cache memories in multi-core systems.
What is paging in memory management?
Paging divides memory into fixed-size blocks to manage virtual memory efficiently.
What is fragmentation?
Fragmentation is wasted memory space caused by inefficient allocation of memory blocks.
What is RAID?
RAID is a storage technology that combines multiple disks for improved performance or fault tolerance.

What is a kernel?
The kernel is the core component of an operating system that manages hardware and system resources.
What is process scheduling?
Process scheduling determines the order in which processes are executed by the CPU.
What is deadlock?
Deadlock is a situation where two or more processes wait indefinitely for resources held by each other.
What is virtual machine?
A virtual machine is a software-based emulation of a physical computer system.
What is real-time operating system (RTOS)?
An RTOS processes data and responds within strict time constraints.

What is software development life cycle (SDLC)?
SDLC is a structured process for planning, designing, developing, testing, and maintaining software.
What is object-oriented programming?
Object-oriented programming organizes software using objects that contain data and methods.
What are the pillars of OOP?
Encapsulation, inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction.
What is version control system?
A version control system tracks changes in source code and supports collaboration.
What is software testing?
Software testing evaluates software to ensure it meets requirements and is free of defects.

What is network topology?
Network topology describes the physical or logical arrangement of network devices.
What is the OSI model?
The OSI model is a seven-layer framework for understanding network communication.
What is TCP/IP protocol?
TCP/IP is a set of communication protocols used to connect devices over the Internet.
What is bandwidth?
Bandwidth is the maximum data transfer rate of a network connection.
What is latency?
Latency is the delay in data transmission over a network.

What is DNS?
DNS translates human-readable domain names into IP addresses.
What is HTTP and HTTPS?
HTTP transfers web data, while HTTPS provides secure encrypted communication.
What is cloud service model?
Cloud service models include IaaS, PaaS, and SaaS.
What is virtualization?
Virtualization allows multiple virtual systems to run on a single physical machine.
What is containerization?
Containerization packages applications with their dependencies for consistent deployment.

What is encryption?
Encryption converts data into unreadable form to protect confidentiality.
What is authentication?
Authentication verifies the identity of a user or system.
What is authorization?
Authorization determines access rights after authentication.
What is malware?
Malware is malicious software designed to harm or exploit systems.
What is phishing?
Phishing is a cyberattack that tricks users into revealing sensitive information.

What is artificial intelligence?
Artificial intelligence enables machines to perform tasks that require human intelligence.
What is machine learning?
Machine learning allows systems to learn from data without explicit programming.
What is big data?
Big data refers to extremely large datasets that require advanced processing techniques.
What is Internet of Things (IoT)?
IoT connects physical devices to the Internet for data exchange.
What is blockchain?
Blockchain is a distributed ledger technology that ensures secure and transparent transactions.

What is edge computing?
Edge computing processes data near the data source to reduce latency.
What is green computing?
Green computing focuses on environmentally sustainable computing practices.
What is digital forensics?
Digital forensics involves collecting and analyzing digital evidence.
What is human-computer interaction (HCI)?
HCI studies how people interact with computer systems.
What is quantum computing?
Quantum computing uses quantum bits (qubits) to perform extremely fast computations.

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