Modern History of India : 100 QA
Modern History of India – 100 Questions & Answers
Early European Presence
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Q: Who were the first Europeans to come to India by sea?
A: The Portuguese. -
Q: Who discovered the sea route to India in 1498?
A: Vasco da Gama. -
Q: Which European power came to India after the Portuguese?
A: The Dutch. -
Q: Which European company became the most powerful in India?
A: The British East India Company. -
Q: In which year was the British East India Company founded?
A: 1600.
Expansion of British Rule
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Q: What was the Battle of Plassey?
A: A battle fought in 1757 between the British and Siraj-ud-Daulah. -
Q: Who led the British in the Battle of Plassey?
A: Robert Clive. -
Q: Why was the Battle of Plassey important?
A: It marked the beginning of British rule in India. -
Q: What was the Battle of Buxar?
A: A battle fought in 1764 between the British and Indian rulers. -
Q: What did the British gain after the Battle of Buxar?
A: Diwani rights of Bengal, Bihar, and Odisha.
British Administration
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Q: What were Diwani rights?
A: Rights to collect revenue. -
Q: Who introduced the Subsidiary Alliance?
A: Lord Wellesley. -
Q: What was the aim of the Subsidiary Alliance?
A: To control Indian rulers. -
Q: Who introduced the Doctrine of Lapse?
A: Lord Dalhousie. -
Q: What was the Doctrine of Lapse?
A: A policy to annex states without a male heir.
Economic Impact of British Rule
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Q: What was the Permanent Settlement?
A: A land revenue system introduced in Bengal. -
Q: Who introduced the Permanent Settlement?
A: Lord Cornwallis. -
Q: Name two other land revenue systems.
A: Ryotwari and Mahalwari systems. -
Q: How did British rule affect Indian industries?
A: Indian industries declined. -
Q: What was the “Drain of Wealth”?
A: Transfer of India’s wealth to Britain.
Revolt of 1857
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Q: What was the Revolt of 1857?
A: The first major revolt against British rule. -
Q: Who was the leader of the Revolt in Kanpur?
A: Nana Saheb. -
Q: Who led the revolt in Jhansi?
A: Rani Lakshmibai. -
Q: Who was the last Mughal emperor?
A: Bahadur Shah Zafar. -
Q: Name one cause of the Revolt of 1857.
A: Use of greased cartridges.
After 1857
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Q: What happened to the East India Company after 1857?
A: It was abolished. -
Q: Who took control of India after 1858?
A: The British Crown. -
Q: What was the Queen’s Proclamation of 1858?
A: A declaration promising fair rule in India. -
Q: Who became the first Viceroy of India?
A: Lord Canning. -
Q: What was the capital of British India till 1911?
A: Calcutta.
Social and Religious Reform Movements
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Q: Who founded the Brahmo Samaj?
A: Raja Ram Mohan Roy. -
Q: What was the aim of Brahmo Samaj?
A: To remove social evils. -
Q: Who founded Arya Samaj?
A: Swami Dayanand Saraswati. -
Q: What slogan did Arya Samaj promote?
A: “Back to the Vedas”. -
Q: Who worked for women’s education?
A: Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar.
Growth of Nationalism
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Q: When was the Indian National Congress founded?
A: 1885. -
Q: Who was the first president of INC?
A: W.C. Bonnerjee. -
Q: What was the aim of INC initially?
A: To present Indian demands peacefully. -
Q: Who were Moderates?
A: Leaders who believed in peaceful methods. -
Q: Name one Moderate leader.
A: Dadabhai Naoroji.
Extremists
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Q: Who were Extremists?
A: Leaders who believed in strong action. -
Q: Name one Extremist leader.
A: Bal Gangadhar Tilak. -
Q: What was Tilak’s famous slogan?
A: “Swaraj is my birthright”. -
Q: What was the Partition of Bengal?
A: Division of Bengal in 1905. -
Q: Who opposed the Partition of Bengal?
A: Indian nationalists.
Gandhian Era
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Q: Who introduced Gandhian ideas in India?
A: Mahatma Gandhi. -
Q: Where did Gandhi start his first movement in India?
A: Champaran. -
Q: What was the Non-Cooperation Movement?
A: A movement to boycott British rule. -
Q: When was the Civil Disobedience Movement launched?
A: 1930. -
Q: What event started the Civil Disobedience Movement?
A: Dandi March.
Important Movements
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Q: What was the Salt Satyagraha?
A: Protest against salt tax. -
Q: Who participated in mass movements?
A: Common people. -
Q: What was the Quit India Movement?
A: A movement demanding British to leave India. -
Q: When was Quit India Movement launched?
A: 1942. -
Q: What was its slogan?
A: “Do or Die”.
Towards Independence
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Q: Who was the first Prime Minister of India?
A: Jawaharlal Nehru. -
Q: When did India become independent?
A: 15 August 1947. -
Q: Who was the last Viceroy of India?
A: Lord Mountbatten. -
Q: What was Partition?
A: Division of India into India and Pakistan. -
Q: Who led the Muslim League?
A: Muhammad Ali Jinnah.
Important Personalities
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Q: Who is known as the Father of the Nation?
A: Mahatma Gandhi. -
Q: Who gave the slogan “Inquilab Zindabad”?
A: Bhagat Singh. -
Q: Who founded Azad Hind Fauj?
A: Subhas Chandra Bose. -
Q: What was INA?
A: Indian National Army. -
Q: Who was known as “Netaji”?
A: Subhas Chandra Bose.
British Policies & Acts
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Q: What was the Regulating Act of 1773?
A: An act to regulate Company rule. -
Q: What was the Government of India Act 1858?
A: Act transferring power to the Crown. -
Q: What was the Indian Councils Act 1909 known as?
A: Morley-Minto Reforms. -
Q: What did it introduce?
A: Separate electorates. -
Q: Why were separate electorates harmful?
A: They divided Indians.
Education & Press
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Q: Who introduced English education in India?
A: Lord Macaulay. -
Q: What was the impact of English education?
A: Spread of modern ideas. -
Q: What role did newspapers play?
A: Spread nationalism. -
Q: Name one nationalist newspaper.
A: Kesari. -
Q: Who edited Kesari?
A: Bal Gangadhar Tilak.
Final Years of British Rule
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Q: What was the Cabinet Mission Plan?
A: A plan for transfer of power. -
Q: Why did it fail?
A: Differences between leaders. -
Q: What was Direct Action Day?
A: A protest called by Muslim League. -
Q: What problem arose during Partition?
A: Communal violence. -
Q: Who worked for Hindu-Muslim unity?
A: Mahatma Gandhi.
Important Terms
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Q: What is Satyagraha?
A: Non-violent resistance. -
Q: What is Swaraj?
A: Self-rule. -
Q: What is nationalism?
A: Love for one’s nation. -
Q: What is colonialism?
A: Rule of one country over another. -
Q: What is imperialism?
A: Policy of expanding power.
Conclusion
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Q: What was the main aim of freedom struggle?
A: Independence from British rule. -
Q: Who played the biggest role in freedom struggle?
A: Indian people. -
Q: What lesson do we learn from freedom struggle?
A: Unity and sacrifice. -
Q: Why is modern history important?
A: It teaches us about freedom. -
Q: What values did freedom fighters promote?
A: Truth, courage, and unity.
Extra Questions
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Q: What was Champaran Movement related to?
A: Indigo farmers. -
Q: What was Bardoli Satyagraha?
A: Peasant movement in Gujarat. -
Q: Who led Bardoli Satyagraha?
A: Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel. -
Q: Who is known as the Iron Man of India?
A: Sardar Patel. -
Q: What was the Simon Commission?
A: A commission without Indian members. -
Q: Why was it opposed?
A: No Indian representation. -
Q: What slogan was raised against Simon Commission?
A: “Simon Go Back”. -
Q: Who wrote Discovery of India?
A: Jawaharlal Nehru. -
Q: Who was India’s first Governor-General?
A: Lord Mountbatten. -
Q: What ended British rule in India?
A: India’s independence in 1947.
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