Class8 Social Studies Chapter3 and 4 QA
Class 8 NCERT – Exploring Society: India and Beyond
✔ Chapter 3 & Chapter 4
CHAPTER 3: The Rise of the Marathas
1-Mark Questions
Q1. Who founded the Maratha Empire?
Ans: Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj.
Q2. What was the capital of Shivaji’s kingdom?
Ans: Raigad.
Q3. Who were the Peshwas?
Ans: The Prime Ministers of the Maratha Empire.
Q4. Name one Maratha fort.
Ans: Raigad / Pratapgad.
Q5. What type of rule did the Marathas follow later?
Ans: Confederacy.
2-Mark Questions
Q1. Write two qualities of Shivaji as a ruler.
Ans:
- Brave and skilled military leader
- Efficient administrator
Q2. What was the Maratha confederacy?
Ans: A system in which different Maratha leaders ruled different regions while accepting the Peshwa’s authority.
Q3. Name two important Maratha leaders after Shivaji.
Ans: Balaji Vishwanath and Baji Rao I.
Q4. Mention two reasons for the expansion of the Marathas.
Ans:
- Strong army
- Weak Mughal Empire
5-Mark Questions
Q1. Describe the role of Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj in the rise of the Marathas.
Ans:
Shivaji Maharaj founded the Maratha Empire in the 17th century.
He built a strong army and navy.
He captured many forts and challenged Mughal power.
He introduced efficient administration and respected all religions.
His leadership laid the foundation of Maratha power.
Q2. Explain the expansion of the Maratha Empire under the Peshwas.
Ans:
After Shivaji, the Peshwas became powerful.
Leaders like Baji Rao I expanded Maratha control across India.
The Marathas formed a confederacy.
They became the most powerful force in India during the 18th century.
Q3. What was the impact of the Marathas on Indian history?
Ans:
The Marathas weakened Mughal authority.
They reshaped India’s political map.
They promoted regional administration.
They delayed British expansion for some time.
CHAPTER 4: The Colonial Era in India
1-Mark Questions
Q1. Who introduced colonial rule in India?
Ans: British East India Company.
Q2. What was the main aim of the British in India?
Ans: Trade and profit.
Q3. Name one method used by the British to expand power.
Ans: Wars / Treaties.
Q4. What is colonialism?
Ans: Control of one country by another for economic benefit.
Q5. Which battle marked British political control in India?
Ans: Battle of Plassey (1757).
2-Mark Questions
Q1. Write two reasons why the British succeeded in India.
Ans:
- Weak Indian rulers
- Superior military power
Q2. Name two economic policies of the British.
Ans:
- Heavy taxation
- Promotion of British goods
Q3. How did colonial rule affect Indian industries?
Ans: Indian industries declined due to British factory-made goods.
Q4. Mention two changes brought by British administration.
Ans:
- New laws and courts
- Centralised administration
5-Mark Questions
Q1. Explain how the British established colonial rule in India.
Ans:
The British came to India for trade.
They took advantage of conflicts among Indian rulers.
Through wars like Plassey and Buxar, they gained power.
They used treaties and diplomacy.
Gradually, they established colonial rule over India.
Q2. Describe the economic impact of colonial rule on India.
Ans:
The British exploited India’s resources.
Indian handicrafts declined.
Farmers suffered due to heavy taxes.
Wealth was drained to Britain.
India became a supplier of raw materials.
Q3. What were the social and administrative changes during colonial rule?
Ans:
British introduced new laws and education system.
Western ideas spread.
Traditional systems weakened.
Administration became centralized under British control.
Comments
Post a Comment