Class8 Social Studies Chapter1 and 2 QA
Class 8 NCERT – Exploring Society: India and Beyond
✔ Chapter 1 & Chapter 2
CHAPTER 1: Natural Resources and Their Use
1-Mark Questions
Q1. What are natural resources?
Ans: Natural resources are materials provided by nature that are useful to humans.
Q2. Name any one renewable resource.
Ans: Water / Sunlight / Wind.
Q3. Name one non-renewable resource.
Ans: Coal / Petroleum / Natural gas.
Q4. What does conservation mean?
Ans: Conservation means using natural resources carefully and responsibly.
Q5. Which resource takes millions of years to form?
Ans: Non-renewable resources.
2-Mark Questions
Q1. What are renewable resources? Give two examples.
Ans: Renewable resources are those that can be renewed naturally.
Examples: Water, wind.
Q2. Why are non-renewable resources limited?
Ans: They take millions of years to form and cannot be replaced quickly once used.
Q3. Write two problems caused by overuse of natural resources.
Ans:
- Deforestation
- Pollution
Q4. What is sustainable development?
Ans: Sustainable development means meeting present needs without harming future generations.
5-Mark Questions
Q1. Explain the types of natural resources.
Ans:
Natural resources are of two types:
- Renewable resources – Can be renewed naturally, like sunlight, water, and wind.
- Non-renewable resources – Cannot be replaced quickly, like coal, petroleum, and minerals.
Renewable resources are safer for long-term use, while non-renewable resources can get exhausted.
Q2. Why is conservation of natural resources important?
Ans:
Conservation is important because:
- Natural resources are limited
- Overuse leads to environmental problems
- Future generations depend on these resources
- It helps maintain ecological balance
Therefore, conserving resources ensures sustainable development.
Q3. Explain the major ways to conserve natural resources.
Ans:
Major ways include:
- Reduce, reuse, and recycle
- Use renewable energy sources
- Plant more trees (afforestation)
- Save water and electricity
- Protect wildlife and forests through laws
CHAPTER 2: Reshaping India’s Political Map
1-Mark Questions
Q1. What is a political map?
Ans: A political map shows boundaries of states, kingdoms, and countries.
Q2. Name one regional power that rose after the Mughals.
Ans: Marathas / Mysore / Awadh.
Q3. Who ruled Mysore in the 18th century?
Ans: Hyder Ali and Tipu Sultan.
Q4. Name the British trading company in India.
Ans: British East India Company.
Q5. Who established a strong Sikh kingdom?
Ans: Maharaja Ranjit Singh.
2-Mark Questions
Q1. Why did the Mughal Empire decline?
Ans: Due to weak rulers, succession disputes, and loss of central control.
Q2. Name two regional kingdoms that emerged in the 18th century.
Ans: Marathas and Hyderabad.
Q3. Write two reasons for the rise of the British in India.
Ans:
- Weak Indian rulers
- Use of diplomacy and wars
Q4. How did political changes affect India?
Ans: Many Indian states lost independence and came under British control.
5-Mark Questions
Q1. Explain the rise of regional powers in India after the decline of the Mughals.
Ans:
After the decline of the Mughal Empire, many regional rulers became independent.
States like the Marathas, Mysore, Hyderabad, Awadh, and the Sikh kingdom rose to power.
They controlled large territories and reshaped India’s political boundaries.
Q2. Describe the role of the Marathas in reshaping India’s political map.
Ans:
The Marathas emerged as a strong power after the Mughals.
They expanded across large parts of India and formed a confederacy.
They weakened Mughal authority and played a major role in changing political boundaries.
Q3. How did the British reshape India’s political map?
Ans:
The British East India Company came to India for trade.
They took advantage of conflicts among Indian rulers.
Through wars and treaties, they expanded their control.
Gradually, most Indian kingdoms lost independence, and India came under British rule.
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